Acid Reflux (GERD)

What it is: When stomach acid flows back up into your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach). It's like having a leaky valve that lets stomach contents flow the wrong way.

Why it happens

Weak muscle: The muscle that keeps stomach acid down gets weak
Eating too much: Large meals put pressure on the stomach
Certain foods: Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods can trigger it
Smoking: Weakens the muscle that prevents acid from flowing up
Being overweight: Extra weight puts pressure on your stomach
Pregnancy: Hormones and pressure from the baby can cause reflux

What you feel

Heartburn: Burning feeling in your chest
Chest pain: Can feel like a heart attack
Sour taste: Bitter or sour taste in your mouth
Difficulty swallowing: Food feels stuck in your throat
Regurgitation: Food or liquid comes back up
Cough: Chronic cough, especially at night
Hoarse voice: From acid irritating your throat

How to help yourself

Eat smaller meals: Don't overeat
Avoid trigger foods: Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods
Don't lie down after eating: Wait 2-3 hours before lying down
Elevate your head: Use extra pillows when sleeping
Lose weight: If you're overweight
Don't smoke: Smoking makes it worse
Wear loose clothes: Tight clothes can put pressure on your stomach

When to see a doctor

Symptoms happen more than twice a week
Over-the-counter medicines don't help
Difficulty swallowing
Weight loss without trying
Chest pain that feels like a heart attack

Treatment options

Lifestyle changes: Diet and habit modifications
Over-the-counter medicines: Antacids and acid reducers
Prescription medicines: Stronger acid blockers
Surgery: In severe cases that don't respond to other treatments

Remember: Acid reflux is common and treatable. With the right lifestyle changes and treatment, most people can manage their symptoms effectively.